What is a gear box

Cylinder section: This is the core area of the engine block, providing space for the reciprocating motion of the piston. The number, arrangement and size of the cylinders directly affect the power output of the engine. Common cylinder arrangement forms include in-line, V-shaped, and horizontally opposed, etc.
Crankcase section: Located at the lower part of the cylinder, it is used to install the crankshaft, store engine oil and provide lubrication for it. It is divided into the upper crankcase and the lower crankcase. The upper crankcase is cast integrally with the cylinder block, while the lower crankcase is usually called the oil pan and mainly serves to store engine oil and seal the crankcase. The bottom of the oil pan is also equipped with an oil drain plug, which is convenient for changing the engine oil.
Water jacket and oil passage: The water jacket is a closed space surrounding the cylinder, filled with coolant. Its main function is to cool the engine, ensuring it operates within an appropriate temperature range and preventing performance degradation or even damage due to overheating. The oil passage is the channel through which engine oil circulates within the engine. 

Casting is the main method for manufacturing engine cylinder blocks. Die casting involves extruding molten metal into the cavity under high pressure, which can produce cylinder blocks with high dimensional accuracy, excellent surface quality and dense internal structure. It is particularly suitable for manufacturing aluminum alloy cylinder blocks and is increasingly widely used in the production of modern automotive engines. The cylinder block blanks obtained through casting need to undergo a series of mechanical processing techniques to meet the precision and surface quality requirements for engine assembly. These processing techniques cover milling, boring, drilling, reaming, grinding, etc. For instance, by milling the top, bottom and side surfaces of the cylinder block, its flatness and dimensional accuracy are ensured. The cylinder hole is processed by boring to make its inner diameter size accuracy and cylindricity meet the fit requirements with the piston. Drilling and reaming are used for processing various installation holes and oil passage holes.

Support and Installation: Provide accurate installation positions and reliable support for various components of the engine, such as the piston, connecting rod, crankshaft, and valve mechanism, ensuring that these components can move accurately relative to each other during engine operation and maintaining the normal operation of the engine.

Power Transmission: When the engine is working, the piston reciprocates in the cylinder, and the power is transmitted to the crankshaft through the connecting rod, making the crankshaft rotate and output power. As the support carrier in this power transmission process, the engine cylinder block needs to withstand the huge force transmitted from the piston and connecting rod, so it must have sufficient strength and rigidity to ensure that the power can be transmitted stably and reliably.

Heat Dissipation and Lubrication: As mentioned earlier, the engine is cooled and dissipated through the water jacket, and lubrication is provided for various components of the engine through the oil passage, ensuring that the engine works under appropriate temperature and good lubrication conditions, prolonging the service life of the engine, and improving the reliability and stability of the engine.